Bayon Temple Cambodia

Bayon Temple is a mountain-style temple built in the late 12th to early 13th century during the reign of King Jayavarman VII, one of the great Khmer kings of the Angkor Empire. Constructed from sandstone and laterite, the temple is located at the center of Angkor Thom, a city surrounded by strong, square-shaped walls and a large moat.

Commissioned by King Jayavarman VII, Bayon Temple features uniquely designed towers, each with four serene faces. The temple features 49 towers within the complex and 5 entrance gate towers, totaling 54 towers. Historians believe each tower represents one of the 54 provinces of the Khmer Empire at the time.

There are various interpretations regarding the meaning of the four giant faces atop the towers. Some scholars believe they represent Lokesvara (the Bodhisattva of Compassion), while others think they represent both Lokesvara and Brahma. Some argue that they depict King Jayavarman VII himself. This symbolic synthesis suggests the King’s desire for unity and peace among the Khmer people of diverse religious beliefs under his rule.

The four smiling faces, turned toward the four cardinal directions, exude a calm and welcoming presence. No matter the angle, the gentle smile is always visible, evoking joy and admiration for the masterful artistry of our ancestors.

Many historians agree that the closed eyes and mysterious smile of the faces represent awareness and tranquility. The Bayon Temple is built across three levels, featuring narrow corridors and limited lighting, which creates a cool interior even during the hot season, thanks to its clever architectural design.

In addition to the iconic smiling faces, Bayon Temple features intricate carvings depicting Hindu myths and daily life during the Angkor era. These include scenes of markets, fishing, festivals, boxing, cockfighting, and more. Historical events such as battles and military processions are also portrayed. The carvings at Bayon are simpler in form but carved more deeply compared to those at Angkor Wat, highlighting a distinctive artistic style.